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TAPESCRI FTs and Reading Texts
Unit(10) Science and scientists
Listening

Sara: I wish I knew what I was going to do when I leave school. Do you know what you're going to do, Leila?
Leila: Yes, I want to go to university and stuady medicine. Then, after that,
I want to works a doctor. Don't you have any ideas, Sara?
Sara: No, I don't. And I don't think I 've don very well in this year's science tests at school.
Leila: I 'm sure you 'II be OK.
Sara: I don 't know. I wish I'd done more revision this year.
Leila: I expect you 'II do better in next year's tests.
Sara: I hope so. I just wish I'd worked harder this year. I wish I hadn't wasted my time in the holidays…, so you want to be a doctor?
Leila: Yes, I'd like to work as a hospital doctor for a few years, then I'd like to be a scientist.
Sara: That sounds interesting.
Leila: Yes. You can't know about everything, so research scientists have to specialise.it's all about doing experiments and comparing your results with other scientists, then gradually developing theories.
Sara: What will you specialise in?
Leila: I'd like to specialise in studying the causes of serious illnesses like cancer or diabetes.
Sara: Really? Perhaps I should specialise. I wish there were something I was really interested in, like you.
Leila: You 'II probably become interested in something soon.
Sara:I hope so. I do want to be successful.
Leila: I Know! Let s agree now to get together in
five years' time, to see if we 've achieved our ambitions
Sara: Good idea! Let's make sure we do.
Reading :
Food from the air
Everyone has seen plants growing, but have you ever thought where they get their food? In 1652, a European scientist called Van Helmot asked this question. Like most people, he thought that plant must get their food from soil. However, Van Helmot decided to test the theory with experiments. First,he dried some soil, put it into a pot and weighed it. Next he weighed a small tree, planted it in the pot and added rain water. Then, he watered the soil regularly
with rain water.
After five years, he removed the tree from the
Pot and weighed it again. He found that the tree had gained a huge amount of weight. When he weighed the soil, however, it was almost exactly the same as it had been five years earlier. Van Helmot thought this was strange, but decided that the extra weight of the tree must have come from the water. He did not realise that there was another invisible food which was feeding his tree.
We now know that plants and trees make their own food. Their leaves are like factories producing everything they need, so that plants can change the energy from the sun into chemical energy. During this process, oxygen and sugar are produced. The oxygen is released back into the air, and the sugar is used by the plant as food.



Unit (11) The Count of Mont Cristo

Listening:
Presenter: Welcome to The Book Programme.Today
we're going to find out something about-Alexandre Dumas. Dumas was one of France's most famous writers of adventure stories, including The Three Musk and The Count of Monte Cristo. To tell us more, today's studio guest is John a lecturer in French literature at the city University. John, could you start by telling us something about Dumas's early life?
Holder:Hello. Well, let's start at the beginning Dumas wax born near Paris in 1802.His father was an important man in the French army, but as a young soldier he had suffered from imprisonment and he died when Alexandre was only four years old Presenter: So, was he brought up by his mother?
Holder: That's right. After his father had died. She didn't send Alexandre to school .so she kept him at home. This meant that the young Alexandre had a lonely childhood.
Presenter: How did he start to write?
Holder: Well, by the time Alexandre was twenty, his mother had spent all her money and
He went to live in Pans. He found work as a secretary to someone who had been a friend of his father's in the army. But he found this work boring and stared writing plays. Plays, not novels?: Presenter
Holder: That's right. Today we know Dumas for his novels, hut long before he wrote The Three Musketeers or the Count of Monte Cristo, he had become famous as a playwright In one year, 1831, five of his plays WERE performed in Paris.
Presenter: That s amazing! So when did he write his adventure novels?
Holder: The Three Musketeers and The Count of Monte Cristo were published in 1844 and 1845. They were immediate successes and made Dumas a rich man.
Presenter: These were historical novels, weren't they?
Holder: Yes, they were, but they weren't all
Historically accurate. Dumas was mainly interested in writing exciting adventure stories, so he often changed what really happened in history.
Presenter: And his readers didn't object to this?
Holder: No, although some people were not happy when they discovered that Dumas had employing other people to write for him
Presenter: Do you mean he didn't write the hooks himself?
Holder: That's right. Sometimes, he paid assistants to write the stories in his style. Then he corrected and improved what they had written and the hooks were published with his name on the cover.
Presenter: But he was a successful writer, wasn't he?
Holder : Yes, very successful. He had a very good life, and became very rich. Unfortunately, although he made a lot of money, he also lost it very quickly. Towards the end of his life, his son took care of his father's finances, until he died in 1870. That's very interesting. Thank you very much for telling us about the life and work of Alexandre Dumas.
Reading:
The Count of Monte Cristo
At the beginning of the story, Edmond Dantes, the 19-year-old hero of The Count of Monte Cristo, is a happy, successful young man. He is a ship's captain and he is soon going to be married to his fiancée, Mercedes. However, some of Edmond's friends are envious of him and they write a letter accusing him of treason. Edmond is arrested on his wedding day and is sent to prison for life.


After Edmond has been in prison for a number of years, Mercedes marries another man. In prison, Edmond meets an old religious man called Faria, who teaches him about History and Science. He also tells Edmond that he can have the valuable treasure he has hidden on the island of Monte Cristo.

When Faria dies, Edmond escapes from prison, goes to Monte Cristo and finds the treasure. Now a wealthy man, he decides to use his new money to reward the people who have helped him and to punish his enemies.

He finds one of these enemies, Caderousse, who gives him the names of the others. Caderousse now regrets what he did and because of this, Edmond gives him a diamond. He when finds Morrel, the ship-owner he had worked for, and helps him with his financial problems.
ten years later, Edmond, who now calls himself the "Count of Monte Cristo", arrives in Paris. His old friends do not recognise him, but Edmond knows the people who were envious of him and begins his revenge. In different ways, Edmond punishes all the men who accused him of treason. .finally, Edmond helps Maximillian .
Morrel, the son of the ship-owner, by rescuing his fiancée, Valentine from her cruel family. Edmound, too, finally finds happiness when he marries Haydee, the daughter of another Victim of his old enemies.
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Unit (12) Festivals and folk music
Listening:
Nabil: Different cultures have different festivals, don' they?
Nahla: Yes, but nearly all cultures celebrate u good harvest because it means they 'II have food for the next year.
Nabil: They're probably the oldest type-festivals, aren't they?
Tom: Yes, they are. In England, most towns and
Villages have harvest festivals. People take fruit and vegetables to their local church. After the festival, these are given out to the poor.
Nabil: 1 know that some cultures ha ve special winter festivals, don't they?
Nahla: Yes, like the Sapporo Snow Festival in Japan.
Tom: What happens there?
Nabil: Well, it isn't an old festival. It began in 1950 when some students made snow sculptures in a park in Sapporo - that's the capital of Hokkaido, Japan's second largest island. Now it's one of Japan's largest winter festivals. Every year, for seven days in February, thousand! Of people enjoy looking at the beautiful snow and ice sculptures which mav be famous landmarks, like the Sphinx, or enormous models of well-known buildings.
Tom: Really? That's very unusual.
Nahla: In China, they have a big festival in winter, too. Chinese New Year's the most important day of the year.
Nabil: When do they celebrate that?
Nahla: It isn't the same day every year.
Tom: Why s that?
Nahla: It depends on the position of the moon, but it's always between the 21" of January and the of February. I remember watching a TV programme about it.
Nabil: How do people celebrate?
Nahla: Well, before the holiday, they clean their homes and buy new clothes. Then, people visit their relatives and give presents on the clay after New Year's Day. There's a big procession, there's loud drum music and there are fireworks.
Nabil: That sounds really interesting. Chinese people all over the world celebrate this, don't the)?
Tom: Yes, they do. Do you have any festivals like this in Egypt?
Nahla: We have Sham El-Nessim, It s a festival to mark the beginning of spring.
Tom: What happens?
Nabil: It s mainly a day when families spend the day together, usually in the open air. We have a
meal offish with eggs and green onions.
Tom: I really want to see one of these festivals. Many of them have interesting music, too
Nabil: You should ask your parents to take you.
Tom: Yes, I 'II suggest going to the Sham El-Nessim festival in Egypt next year!





Reading: Folk music
In the same way that cultures have their own festivals, they also have their own traditional folk music: a particular style of music that uses different instruments.
Unlike other kinds of music, folk music usually develops in local communities. Even in one country, different areas, cities and villages often have their own distinctive styles. For example, the traditional music of Cairo is different from the music of other parts of Egypt. Distinctive styles developed because, in the past, most people were born and lived their lives In one village or one small area. Music was individual, not influenced by music from other areas.
Today, most modern music is written as entertainment. Most folk music, however, has a special purpose. Folk songs, for example, were made up to describe important historical events, to help people get through their day's work, or to sing babies to sleep. Until recent times, folk music was not written down. Children learnt it from their families, friends or neighbours.
The musical instruments used in folk also vary from place to place. The people of Upper Egypt, for example, often play the rababah, an instrument like a violin; the simsimiyya is the instrument of the Suez area. The oud is common in the folk music of Cairo. Once, it was taken to Europe, where it evolved into a number of modern Instruments.
Today, travel and modern technology have made it possible for anyone to listen to music not just from other areas, but from other cultures around the world. Because of this, distinctive folk music could disappear in future. With this in mind, it is our responsibility do everything we can to protect the traditional music of our countries, our regions and our communities.

Revision (D):
Listening:
Adel: You play the violin, don't you, Hamid?
Hamid: Yes, I do.
Adel: How long have you been playing?
Hamid: I started when I was only six years old.
Adel: Do you enjoy playing 'it?
Hamid: Yes, I do now, but when I first started I WISH Ikeen on it. My hands were very small and il "W
difficult (o put them in the right position,
Adel: I'm really envious. I wish I'd learnt to something when I was young.
Hamid: It's never too late to start, Adel. My fatherdidn 't start playing the oud until
he was in Instwenties.
Adel: I 've always liked listening to oud music,
Hamid: Well, why don 't you have a few lessons to see if
you like it?
Adel: Does your father still play, Hamid?
Hamid: Yes, he does. Why don 'tyou come round and ask
him to show you?
Adel: Do you think he would teach me to play?
Hamid: Probably not. He's always very busy, but I'msure he could give you some advice.
Adel:Thanks, that 'd be great! Is there anything you
wish you 'd done when you were young, Hamid?
Hamid: Yes, but it s nothing to do with music. I wish Icould play squash.
Adel:Why squash?
Hamid: I first became interested in squash during thelast Olympic Games. I watched it on TV, and itlooked like a really exciting sport.
Adel:It's very fast, so it can be exhausting. Mybrother plays regularly. He says you have to be
very fit to play well.
Hamid: I don't think I have the time to start now. I
spend most of my time studying.
Adel: But you need to do something to keep fit. Whydon 'tyou join a squash club?
Hamid: I'm not sure if I have the time.
Adel: I'm sure you could make the time.
You needn 'tplay for more than two or three hours a week.




Hamid: Is there a club near here?
Adel: There's one at the sport centre in town and there s another at the university. You might be
able to join that, especially if you are studying there next year.
Hamid: Hmm. I might try that. Thanks for the advice.
Adel:That's OK. Now we both have something new that we want to achieve!


Reading:
An end to food problems?
As the world's population continues to grow and climate change makes it more difficult to produce food in the traditional way, scientists are developing new ways of growing plants efficiently. One of these ways is growing plants without soil.
Although this may sound like a modern process, it is not new technology. Ancient Egyptian writings describe how plants were grown in water, and early examples include the famous gardens of Babylon and floating gardens bull, by the Aztecs in Mexico.
In traditional farming, soil protects the roots of plants, but scientists have shown that plants do not need soil to grow. As long as they can get food from somewhere, they will grow successfully. To grow plants without soil, special food is added to water and the plants take this in through their roots.
Recently, this technology has developed very quickly. It is common in northern Europe where it is used to grow food crops. Vegetables have even been grown in submarines and astronauts have produced food in space using this technology.
Many people think that growing plants in water could help to solve the world's food problems. As cities become larger, there is less land for agriculture. Countries with little land for growing crops could produce more of their food without soil. This way can also be used in areas with poor soil, such as deserts, and in areas near the sea where salt water is damaging the soil. Perhaps soon there will be no areas of the world where food
cannot be produced.

Unit(13)
Listening:
Narrator: Dr Aisha Abd El-Rahman, who is better known to some people as Bint El-Shatei, it one of the most famous people in Egyptian and Arab culture. As well as writing both on society and culture, she also wrote poems and for fifty years wrote for the newspaper. AlAhram. During her life, she helped to improve women's position in Egyptian society.
Dr Aisha was born in 1913. Her father was an important man and Dr A isha used to go with him to meetings, at which she learned to read and write. At a time when many girls didn't go to school, Aisha s mother encouraged her daughter to get a good education and, as a result, Aisha started school at the age of five.
Dr Aisha was successful at .school and went to Cairo University, where she studied Arabic language and literature. She was awarded her degree in 1939 and then joined the university staff as a research assistant. In 1942. she was employed as a government inspector for the teaching of Arabic literature.
Using the name Bint El-Shatei. D Aisha wrote many books and articles in which she argued for a more positive role for women in the modern world.
Dr Aisha was a respected teacher and taught at many universities across the Arab world. With her husband. Professor Amin El-Kholy, Dr Aisha spent holidays visiting European museums, universities and libraries
Dr Aisha died in 1998 at the age of eighty-five Her work, which had taken up much of her personal life, is still appreciatea today

Reading:
Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale was born in 1820 into a wealthy family in Italy, but grew up and went to school in England. When she was 17, s*he decided that she wanted to be a nurse, although her family did not think that this was a suitable job for their young daughter. However, Florence's work in a London hospital was so effective that the British government asked her to be in charge of the nursing of wounded soldiers abroad. After working in Europe, she returned to England and opened the Nightingale School of Nursing in London, the first school
The Queen of the Air
Amy Johnson was from the north of England and first became interested in flying while she was working as a secretary in London. In 1929, she was awarded her pilot's licence and a year later tried to break the record for a solo flight from Britain to Australia. She flew alone from London to Darwin in a small plane. This took 19 days and she stopped many times in Europe, Asia and on Islands in the Pacific Ocean. Although Amy missed the record by just three days, she became very popular with the British people, who called her the Queen of the Air. Amy Johnson made many other long-distance flights, and in 1936 broke the record for a solo flight from London to South Africa. She also flew planes for the British army during the Second World War, and was killed in a plane crash in 1941.
Unit (14)
Travels with My Aunt
Listening:
presenter: Good afternoon. In today s programme,
our subject is the twentieth-century British novelist Graham Greene. We 're going to hear from John McGregor. Welcome to the programme, John. Could you start by telling us a few facts about Graham Greene's life?
McGregor: Hello. I only met Graham Greene once,
but I've long been interested in his life. He was born in 1904, and was the fourth of six children. Although his father was a school teacher, his wider family was wealthy and
Influential in the world of banking and business. Graham was very unhappy at school because he was regularly bullied. On leaving school, he went to Oxford University, where he studied history.
Presenter: When did he start writing?
McGregor: Well, while he was at Oxford, he wrote a few poems, but they were not very successful. After graduating, he became a journalist, working on local newspapers and then for a national paper.
Presenter: And when did he write his first novel?
McGregor: His first successful novel, Stainboul Train was published in 1932. It was later made into a film
Presenter: Quite a lot of his stories were made into films, weren't they?
McGregor: Yes, probably the most famous was The Third Man.
Presenter: Did he earn enough money from? novels to live on?
McGregor: No, he didn't earn enough at firs! so he Wrote book and film reviews for magazines and newspapers. Then, during the Second World War, he worked for the British government in Africa.
Presenter: Did he enjoy travelling?


McGregor: Yes, he did, and many of his books were based on his travels. He particularly liked wild, remote places. In 1935, he went to Liberia, and wrote a travel book about his experience. In 1938, he travelled to Mexico which is where I met him.
Presenter: And in his later years, he went to live abroad, didn't he?
McGregor: That's right, he moved lo Switzerland, lie died there in 1991.
Presenter: How do you think Graham Greene will be remembered?
McGregor: As a fantastic storyteller. The unusual thing about Graham Greene was that his booh were popular with ordinary people, but were also regarded as great literature. I believe people will read his books for many years.
Presenter: And what sort of a man wan he?
McGregor: Well, he was married and had two children, but he always wanted the excitement of foreign travel and he was quickly bored by daily routines. Despite his being known as a difficult man, I got on very well with him.
Presenter: John McGregor, thanks very much.

Reading :
Travels with My Aunt
. Henry Pulling is a retired bank manager and live in
a very conventional life. His mother dies just after he retires. At the funeral, he meets his Aunt. Augusta, a woman in her seventies who he has no seen for 50 years. Aunt Augusta has travelled all over the world. From everything she says, it is obvious that Augusta has lived an adventurous unconventional life
After the funeral, Henry and Augusta meet again and, despite having very different personalities, they get on well. Augusta tells Henry thing about his family that he never knew. Augusta. then persuades Henry to go travelling with her, at first to places in England, hut gradually to more. exciting destinations. Until now, Henry has live, a quiet life; most of the people he knows are bank customers or colleagues.
One day, Augusta tells Henry she is taking him to Istanbul, He is surprised by this sudden announcement. He is used to planning everything he does, but Augusta is always spontaneous and, seems to make decisions without thinking. the journey to Istanbul, Henry finds out more about his aunt's unusual lifestyle and her past As they travel, Henry sees new cultures for the first time and Augusta introduces to her old friend who all have executing and unusual stories to tell. Henry is often surprised by what he hears, but begins to enjoy himself more and more.
When he returned to England, Henry enjoys his retirement looking after the flowers in his garden, but he is a changed man. he misses his aunt and her interesting friends, and Augusta has shown him a new way of looking at the world.
Unit (15)
The Future Of Books
Listening
Mahdi: Hi. Kasim.
Kasim: Hi. Mahdi.
Mahdi: What's that book you're reading?
Kasem: It's a Graham Greene novel.
Mahdi:I wonder if you can get it as an e-book.
Kasim:What are e-books?
Mahdi:They 're electronic books-I saw a TV programme about them a few days ago now
I'm really enthusiastic about the idea.
Kasim:How do you read them'
Mahdi :Well, you download them from the internet onto an e-book reader, which is a small computer about the same size as the paperback book you 're reading. It has a screen like the page of a book. So you read the book on the screen and turn the pages by pressing buttons or by touching the screen.
Kasim:But surely you can't download everything van might want to read?
Mahdi :Not yet, no. But in the future, every new book will probably be published as an ordinary book and as an e-book
Kasim:That sounds amazing, but if you have to pay for the reader and the download. That must be expensive.
Mahdi: At the moment it is. but ran cun he sun they '11 reduce the price when more people
buy them. New gadgets are always expensive when only a few people are buying them.
Kasim:Do you think they'll ever replace traditional books completely?
Mahdi :No. I shouldn't think so But when more books are available online. I think most bestsellers will be read as e-books On the other hand, I' m sure some kinds a/books won '/ be replaced: school books for example
Kasim:Or any books that ore large or where pictures are important.
Mahdi :E-books will be good lor the environment.too.
Kasim:Will they?
Mahdi :Yes, think of all the paper that we 'II save. by the year 2100 millions of trees and hundreds of forests will have been saved.
Kasim: It's a great idea.
Mahdi:Well, if yon want an e-book reader, you'd better start saving now!
Kasim: I will.
Reading:
The History of paper
In Ancient Egypt, a type of tall grass called papyrus, which grew in the Nile valley, was used for writing and drawing on. Before it could be used, the leaves of the grass were soaked in water; pressed together and then dried in the sun. The first real paper was made by the Chinese two thousand years ago. In the eighth century, Arab travellers who traded with China learned how to make it, too. At first, paper was very expensive because it was made from cotton, but later it was produced from wood and so became much cheaper.
To make paper from wood, logs are broken into small pieces which are then mixed with chemicals and bleached. Water is removed from the mixture, which then passes through hot rollers to produce continuous pieces of dry paper.
Every year, millions of trees are cut down to make new paper Fortunately, the type of tree that gives us the best wood for making paper grows very quickly, but old paper can also be recycled. Most of today's newspapers and magazines are made from recycled paper.
For hundreds of years, an enormous quantity of paper has been used to produce books. Especially very large books like encyclopedias. Now. Encyclopedias and other books can be put on to CD-ROMs: special computer
disks which can hold huge amounts of information. Sound and pictures can also be put on CD-ROMs.
Many people think that soon everybody will have a computer and we will get all our information from
The internet or from CD-ROMs. They believe that public libraries will no longer-be needed and that printing will become part of history.
Unit (E)
Revision:
Listening:
Osama: Have you ever been abroad Ali?
Ali: Yes. I went to England for month last summer, which was really good fun. I went with a student group we stayed near London and visited all the famous tourist places
Osama: So you went to study?
Ali: Yes, and to have a holiday .It was what they called a Language and culture visit. We stayed with English families. We had English lessons every morning, then went on visits in the afternoons and at the weekends.
Osama: was it very tiring?
Ali: wouldn't say it was very tiring. We were very-busy, but we learnt a lot about British culture. Osama: What about the language lessons?
Ali: They were good. There were students from all over the world in my class - it was really interesting. I made some new friends.
Osama: Were you the only student from Egypt?
Ali: No, there were two others - one from my school and one from a school in Aswan.
Osama: What did you learn about English culture?
Ali: Hundreds of things. The English drink lots of tea, but they put milk in it. It's not very warm there even in the summer, which means that the British spend a lot of their time in their houses and have clothes for all kinds of weather.
Osama: Were the people friendly?
Ali: Yes, very: They were interested to hear about life in Egypt.
Osama: That's a bit like, the people I met in China.
Ali: Have you been to China?
Osama: Yes, I went there for a week last summer with my parents. My dad had to go on a business trip to Shanghai, so he took us all with him.
Ali: That must have been really interesting.
Osama: Yes, it was. I didn't know much about China before we went, but niv mother and I had quite a lot of free lime when my father was at business meetings.
Ali: So, did you travel around?
Osama: Yes, we did. It was so different from anywhere I 've ever been before. A lot of Shanghai is very modern, but there are also ancient places to visit, like the 900-year-old water village of Zhou Zhuang. There are canals instead of streets, so people have to travel around by boat.
Ali: Did you learn any Chinese?
Osama: Just one or two words. Some of the people we met knew a little English, hut we didn't meet anyone who could speak Arabic.
Ali: Would you like to go back to China?
Osama: Yes, definitely, there s so much to see. What I 'd really like is to spend a year there, maybe working for a charity.
Ali: Sounds like a great idea!

Reading(E)
Marie Curie was my hero
You may not have heard of Dr Karimat El- Sayed,(a)…but…….in 2003she won
an award as one of the best women scientists in the world. At the time, she was a science professor at Ain Shams University in Cairo..(b)…………. won the award for her
work on the structure of metal.
Dr El-Sayed is special in the world of science (c)…………… she was the first
Egyptian woman to receive one of these awards. As an enthusiastic scientist, she has spent much of her career encouraging other women to become scientists. She said in an interview
that,( d)…….. being grandmother, she was still working (e)…………she loved it.

As a girl at secondary school, Dr El-Sayed heard about the discoveries of the energetic
French woman scientist, Marie Curie, and decided that she wanted to be a scientist herself. El-Sayed worked very hard at school and was good at Science and Maths…. (f)….. , it was not common for women to go to university at this time,..(g)…… it took her a long time to get her family to agree to the idea.
In her early twenties, …(h)…….. graduating, El-Sayed travelled to Britain to continue her studies. There, she was inspired by one of her teachers who was also a scientist. Later, El-Sayed married a man who was also a research scientist.

Now, as well as her other work, Dr El-Sayed travels round Egypt meeting groups of girls and encouraging them to think seriously
about careers in science.

Unit(16):
Finding Work
Listening:
T A P E S C
Interviewer: Good morning, Mr.Farag. Please sit down
Mr.Farag: Thank you.
Interviewer: First of all, thank yon for sending us your CV. I see you have a degree in biology and chemistry from Alexandria University?
Mr.Farag: That s right.
Interviewer: And you're twenty-five years old, Do you have a driving licence?
Mr.Farag: Yes, I do. I passed my test last year.
Mr.Farag: What have you been doing since you left university?
Mr.Farag: I've been working as a sales assistant in my uncle s pharmacy.
Interviewer: I see, so you have 'some sales experience, I wonder if you could tell me why you're leaving your untied company.
Mr.Farag: Yes, of course. I should start by saying that I have gained a lot of' useful experience working for my uncle, hut I 'm quite ambitious and I 'd like to travel round in my job and visit other places.
Interviewer: Good. Does your uncle know you're trying to find another job?
Mr.Farag: Yes, he does. He encourages me to look for jobs.
Interviewer: Good. And why do yon want to work for us?
Mr.Farag: My uncle's told me that yours is an established company with a very good
reputation in the medical profession.
Interviewer: That s right.
Mr. Farag: My uncle has sold your products for many years and has never had any problems with them.
Interviewer: And why do you think you'd be good at the job?
Mr. Farag: Well, I've always been a conscientious worker and I 'in a sociable person, so I'll enjoy meeting and talking to customers. I 'm also well organised, so I'd always make sure I arrived on time for appointments.
Interviewer: Now at the moment, you're living with your parents in Nasr City
. How would you feel if we asked you to work in another part of the country?
Mr. Farag: That'd be no problem. If were given the job, it wouldn't matter to me where I was living and working.
Interviewer: Fine. Thank you very much for your time, Mr. Farag.
We have your telephone number and e-mail address at the pharmacy. I'll contact you on Saturday morning to let you know the result of this interview.
Mr Farag: Thank you very much. Goodbye.
Interviewer: Goodbye.
Reading:

SADEK SALABI
Home address
33 Beiram El Tonsy St, Bahary, Alexandria, Egypt

Contact
Phone: 102034800405

E-mail: sadek.salabi@univ.alcx.cdu.
DOB: 17/05/1985
Nationality: Egyptian
EDUCATION
2004-2008 The University of Alexandria BA Business Studies - Class 2
Special project: Future of the Nile Delta
1997-2003 High School, Alexandria
A in Mathematics, Geography and English
WORK EXPERIENCE
July 2009 - Trainee accountant. City Bank, Cairo
ACHIEVEMENTS AND AWARDS
Academic
2008 - Prize for highest grade in finance module
2003 - Special award for English language
Sports: University Football Club - Captain of first team.
Other activities: Charily work in home neighbourhood –
in day-care centre for older people (two mornings).

SKILLS
IT: Computing Grade 5
Experience in using Microsoft Office (Word and Excel)
Languages: Fluent in English A little spoken Spanish and French
INTERESTS
Sports: Football, squash, athletics
Travel: 1 enjoy meeting people from other countries.
I have travelled in Europe and Australia. My ambition
is to visit the Far East (China and Japan).

Discuss these questions in pairs.
a Which three pieces of information would suggest that Mr Salabi was the best person for the job of Assistant Accountant in the company?
b Is there any information in his CV which suggests that he would not be suitable?
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Unit (17):
Steinbeck: The Pearl
Listening:
Presenter: Good afternoon. The subject of todav's programme is the American writer, John Steinbeck, whose book The Grapes of Wrath was one of the most famous novels of the twentieth century. To tell us more about John Steinbeck, we have in the studio an expert on literature, Dr Helen Curler. Dr Carter, welcome.
Dr Carter: Hello.
Presenter: I wonder if you could start by telling us something about John Steinbeck's childhood and early life
Dr Carter: Certainly. John was born in California in
1902. His ancestors were from Europe: from Germany on his father s side and Irelandon his mother s. The name Steinbeck is German.
Presenter: What did his parents do? Were they a poor family?
Dr Carter: No, they weren 't. His father was a civil servant and his mother was a teacher. It was his mother who taught John to read and encouraged him to become a writer.
Presenter: What about his education? Did he go to university?
Dr Carter: Yes, he did. After High School, he went to
Stanford University to study English, but he left in 1925 without a degree and went to live in New York to try to become a writer.
Presenter: Did he succeed?
Dr Carter: Unfortunately not. His first three novels were not a success. He had to continue working in badly paid jobs. It was not until 1939 that he became famous, when The Grapes of Wrath won an influential prize.
Presenter: Can you explain why this novel was so successful?
Dr Carter: Well, it's a great story. But it was also a novel in which Steinbeck wrote about the lives of poor working Americans during the Great Depression of the 1930s. I think Steinbeck was respected for telling the truth about his country and for forcing people to think about the problems of the country s poor.
Presenter: So did Steinbeck then become a celebrity?
Dr Carter: No, not at all. He was a very private person who hated publicity.
Presenter: Did he write any other important novels?
Dr Carter: Well, during the Second World War, he
worked as a war correspondent for a New York newspaper, but he continued to write. In 1942, he wrote The Moon is Down, about the war in Europe, and in 1947, he wrote The Pearl, a short novel about a Mexican diver. Then in 1952, he wrote East of Eden, which Steinbeck himself thought was his best novel.
Presenter: And did he continue to write?
Dr Carter: Yes, he did, and then in 1962 he won the
Nobel prize for literature. He died in 1968.
Presenter: Thank you so much, Dr Carter. That s all we have time for today.
Dr Carter: Thank you

Reading:
The Pearl:
A story of greed

Kino, a Mexican pearl diver, and his wife Juana live a happy life until, one morning; their son Coyotito is stung by a scorpion. They take him to the local doctor, but he will not treat the boy because the family is too poor to pay. Juana treats the boy herself. That same day, Kino goes diving and finds an enormous pearl, which means he is now a wealthy man. However, when other people hear about the pearl, they plan to steal it. When the doctor hears about Kino's pearl, he offer-to treat Coyotito, even though Juana's treatment has already cured him. That night, someone tries to steal the pearl, so the next day Kino goes into town to sell it. The merchants say the pearl is no very valuable because it is too big. Kino knows this is a trick and so he decides to go to another tow to sell the pearl.
Juana tries to persuade Kino to throw it away because she believes it is evil and fears that it will destroy the family, but Kino refuses. He wants it pay for his son's education.
In their way to the other town the family are allowed by thieves who want the pear.. Juana and Coyotito hide in a mountain cave, but Coyotito tries out. When the thieves hear this noise, they fire their guns at what they think is a wild animal, Kino attacks the thieves, but by now it is too late Coyotito is dead. Deciding that the pearl is evil. Kino and Juana return to their home town and throw it into the sea.
Unit (18):
Lifelong learning
T A P E S C R I P T
Man 1: Two years ago, I lost my jnb when the
company I'd worked for since I left school closed. Hooked for a similar job and -v <~'nt "<; CV to a lot of companies, hut 1 didn 't fft't cim interviews. Someone said I might be too old / 'm fifty-one - and said J should try a differ? kind of job. They advised me to retrain. This seemed like a sensible idea, so I looked around and found a course at my local college where I could train as a teacher. I vt just started mv second year and! 'm t ectliv enjoying it. About lialfofthe other $tud?nl1' on the course are mature student like me. Teaching is so different from the job I was doing before -1 probably won't earn as money as I did, but I 'm sure the work vv/7 very rewarding.
Woman: I didn 't go to university when I left schoo got a job as a doctor s receptionist. After
year, I married and had a family. Now I'm forty-two; my children are grown up and I'd like to go back to education. I think I will appreciate it more now than I would have done when I wax eighteen. I always enjoyed English at school, so I might study languages -1 haven't decided yet. I 'd really like to study medicine, but it s a very long course and I can t spend all my life studying. If I want to start this year, I have to apply by the end of next week. So I must make up my mind very quickly.
\ Man 2: My name s Paul Roberts. I retired from my job as a bank manager five years ago and thought I'd enjoy all the extra free time I'd have. For the first two years. I had a great time. My wife and I travelled all over the world. But by then I'd had enough -1 needed a new challenge of some kind, I needed to be busy again.Someone suggested doing a degree course. I thought they were joking, but I started looking round for sn::abie courses. In the end, I enrolled on a science course with the Open University. It's a university for people who want to study, but CJT ; leave home for some reason. You can do ii a: any age - and many Open University students have full-time jobs. It s ideal for me. I at home when
I want to, using my own computer. By the time I finish next year, I'll be nearly seventy-two years old, but it's a really worthwhile experience

Reading:
Fliirry years ago, most university students believed that when they graduated, ther education had finished. They expected to get a job and work for one employer until they retired. Now students know they will probably have to change jobs during their working lives. Ihis means they will probably need new skills, and in today's world, lifelong learning helps them to get these.
To remain employable, individuals must be good at the jobs they are doing and predict what skills (hey may need in the future. Tarek, who works in the finance department of a large company in Assiut, knows that to get promotion he must improve his computer skills. His company needs highly qualified staff, so it provides courses for its employees, but Tarek is also doing an evening course. Doing his job and studying is hard work, but he knows it is worthwhile.
Nahla Zoheri lives in Damietra and has young children. She has a BSc in Information Technology and would like to return to work when her children are older. She hopes to get a Master's degree, bur the nearest university with a suitable course is in Cairo. Nahla cannot leave her family, so she wants to study by 'distance learning'. This is when students and teachers are in different places.
Nahla has now enrolled on an MSv course and is very happy. All the information she needs is on the internet and her teachers communicate with her by e-mail. In two years' time, Nahla hopes to get her Master's degree after studying in her own home and without leaving her family.
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